Impact of the Recession on Innovation and Technology Growth

Impact of the Recession on Innovation and Technology Growth 1. Introduction Entrepreneurs cause Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is a function of the entrepreneur E + f(e). Entrepreneurship is the interaction of skills related to inner control, planning and goal setting, risk taking,  innovation, reality perception, use of feedback, decision making, human relations and independence. Creating a new enterprise model involves considerable change in virtually everything to do with peoples working  lives starting with the future model of Entrepreneurship. A model for entrepreneurship that explains in industries  employment change by combining technology with innovation demand, it is proposed in this article. This article explores the way economic cycles influence the relationship between innovation and human relationemployment  in manufacturing industries. The article investigates whether the ups and downs of cycles alter the possibility of exploiting innovation,  technological opportunities which can affect patterns of job creation. Human resources the employment dynamics  have always followed cyclical patterns expansions of production; bring new jobs when recessions lead to job losses  (Mastrostefano and Pianta, 2009). A large macroeconomic literature, has investigated employment dynamics in their relationship to the cyclical  patterns of economic growth. Labour economics perspectives; have focused on the role of knowledge wages in  affecting employment and the economical periods of high cyclical unemployment (Pisarides, 2009, Pianta, M.  2005). Distinctions have been made between the determinants of employment in business cycles and in long-term  growth, capital-labour complementarities, and the evolution of labour supply and, more recently, the diversity of  labour skills. ( Lucchese, M and Pianta, M., 2012) . * Corresponding In order to summarize the diversity of industry patterns in innovation and employment over the cycle, it is  necessary to take in consideration the well-known Pavitt taxonomy. It provides a relevant conceptualization of the  differences in the process of technological change by classifying firms and industries on the basis of their dominant  sources of innovation, the forms of appropriation of technology and market structure. In his taxonomy, Pavitt (1984)  identifies four groups that describe the level of technological opportunities of each industry: (a) Science-Based industries include sectors based on advancements in science; (b) Specialized supplier industries create specific products for users-industries, and these typically include  machinery and equipment, with an active role for human capital; (c) Scale intensive industries include sectors characterized by large economies of scale, high capital intensity and  strong relevance of organizational improvements such as motor vehicles; (d) Supplier dominated industries include traditional sectors including food, textiles, clothing. Along the article, the author generally assumed to operate and established the relationship between labour and how  innovation can influence the employment as a final solution for economical development. 2. Methodology The sample was draw for people involved in business activity in Baia Mare city. A total of 250 respondents were  contacted. Respondents were surveyed using a forth part structured questionnaire. Part 1-measured variables using single items such as educational background, type of business activity, type of  organization. Part 2 measured the factors, which were classified into entrepreneurial core, work core, individual and social core  relevant for leadership style of the respondent person. Part 3- measures the profile of leadership, the attitude in different situation of the manager, and identify the type of  leader. Part 4- measure the perception for new development and new orientation into organization, identify some individual  suggestions. The surveyors have been questioned about their business and the opportunity to implemented change management  and introduce innovation in their organization. The internal consistency of the measure and the results indicate that  the items in measuring the organizations activity dimensions are reliable. Also the survey make a radiography upon  the economic activity of the city Baia Mare and give an answer to economical and employment problems. 3. Results Traditional industries such as supplier-dominated sectors are characterized by a long-term decline in employment  associated with the broader patterns of structural change and demand dynamics. The number of individual business  organizations reflects the engine of economy structure especially on small business in a miner region like Baia Mare  city, where ‘’old factories’’ are just a memory for 50’ generation. From the survey dates obtained, I identify that  major activity are non productive sector, as a matter of fact the production it is not developed yet in our region,  organizations are under the discovering faze of the miracle products which can be produce. The diversity of  activities structure is special in the commerce retailer and wholesaler fields and the employers number its low. This paper offers the opportunity to step outside the normal organization day-to-day experiences and mentally  travel a brain road toward people tomorrows—in a world moving toward unimagined futures. Day-to-day experiences tend to trap people in yesterday. I think it is necessary to count also the rapid technological  change, increasing competition because of globalization, and tremendous innovation. At the same time knowledge is  constantly making itself obsolete. Its not possible to invest time in something thats not on your radar. Some kind of  valuable radar enhancement is needed: Results, Approach, Deployment, and Assessment, Review. Unfortunately there are no answers just alternatives and a constantly receding horizon. Entrepreneurs should  establish and maintain an environment within the business to encourage efficiency among employees. Based on thesurvey, I concluded that not in every organization management the manager leader, understand the managerial  competency in the some connotation. Archibugi (2001), Bogliacino and Pianta (2010) identify Pavitt’s groups that describe the level of technological  opportunities in industry and the influence of innovation and new technology for future development and  harmonization with market customers needs. Taking in consideration the survey results a classification can be easy  done, the economical activities can be structure in the category of supplier dominated industries here we include  traditional sectors food, textiles, clothing, hand makes products, training and other activities. Evangelista and Savona (2003) present the same importance of the relation between innovation and skills in  services and the direct relation between the necessity of structural change and economic dynamics. Desire for greater life flexibility, seeking challenges, fulfilling a long-felt desire or escaping from organizational  glass ceiling is also among the motivation factors especially for women to start-up their own business (Figure 1). The diversity in the patterns of employment in the manufacturing sector is documented in this paper also where the  dynamics of employment depends of economic cycle. The ups and downs of aggregate demand have been shown to  affect changes in production and demand for labour. It is not surprising from the survey dates that the number of  women entrepreneur gas increased and growing because of their interests in privatisation, self-employment and  business oriented employment. All this facilitated by the growth in various sectors such as general commerce,  personal and public services, training and consultancy and other reflect the cycle from market in a continuing  fluctuation for an unfavourable miner area. The productive sector doesn’t exist anymore because of technological adaptation and missing innovation, which is  the future provocation for our market. The organization must deal with the practical impact of unpleasant change,  but more importantly, must labour under the weight of employees who have given up, have no faith in the system or  in the ability of leaders to turn the organization around. Leadership before, during and after change implementation is the golden key to getting through the swamp. Out of  250 respondents, majority of them are aged educated that’s the motive of involvement in his own business (26%  baccalaureate and 57% academic studies) as a solution of adaptation on actual market. Management refers to the  ways of the personnel in charge of directing the organization, which in this instance is an entrepreneur. In the  context of demand shortage, an increase of the quality and variety of goods cannot be associated with value added  growth, while productivity growth and a higher competitiveness can be obtained through lower employment. Figure  2 plots the change of the manager mentality groups as the first evidence of the diversity in the relationship between  innovation and employment during the economic cycle and their organization new orientation on market. Blackburn and Pelloni (2004) combines the lessons from the macroeconomic analysis of business cycles with an  attention to the nature of technology and the patterns of structural change in manufacturing industry. A model that explains industries employment change by combining technology and demand is proposed also in this  article. High technology sectors, especially science-based industries, are affected by the ups and downs of the  economy, although they traditionally devote more resources to innovation and new products. As time goes from industrial revolution to the information revolution confirm by Freeman and Louca (2001)  innovation perspectives is the best solution for increasing the employment and reoriented the entire management  economy. The part 4 of survey measures the perception for new development and new orientation into organization and  identifies some individual manager suggestions. The target of survey was to capture the human resources attitude in  front of new orientation for organization perspective. The new generation encourages the implementation of new  trends from the market and push the manager and staff organization to be open for new changes. They suggested some ways to be followed in future: organized training and inform the staff 76%, implement a total  controlling knowledge process to avoid the appearance of different mistakes 45%, a new orientation for  organization, management change and a mentality change in a good direction 41.5%. An open innovation seems to be the best solution for the youngest organizations. Management realizes that the only  education organization aware of the need for change and provide a means by which change and development can be  achieved. This situation show that the enterprise performance depends on the level of personnel incentive and are some  imbalances in the operating activity of the company, because the share of staff costs in value added is higher than it  should be. We can complete the f (e), with the others factors which are variable and dynamic along the economical cycle,  technological and cost competitiveness strategies have a contrasting effect on employment, employment growth  emerges in product innovation oriented sectors, while new processes generally result employment losses. The missing factors present in fact the real situation not only from our region but it is necessary to take in count the  global situation. Boglacino and Pianta (2009) present also this particularly view relevant in the context of the economical crises that  has hit most of organizations in the shadow of the financial crisis of 2008 and of the European debt crisis of 2011. Does innovation stimulate employment? To that question answer Harrison Jaumendreu, Mairesse and Petres  (2008), Greeman and Guellec (2000), that technological innovation and employment reallocation is a solution. Barbuta Misu (2012) reflect about the inverse relation between staff costs rate and probability of bankruptcy, we can  argue that is an unusual situation that the share of staff costs in added value to be high to the enterprises with no risk  of bankruptcy, especially because the high value of personnel expenses diminishing the profit. During industry growth, as well as productivity increases appeared to be supported by both new products and new  processes as both technological and cost competitiveness may lead to output or efficiency improvements. 3. Conclusion This article has shown that recessions disrupt the mechanisms of innovation-based growth and push firms toward a  technological trajectory based on labour-saving new processes that increase efficiency but destroy jobs. Results show that, new products, exports and wage growth affect employment change, while new processes  contribute to restructuring and job losses. Along with jobs, competences, skills and production capacity are lost  during recessions, with the risk of setting the engine of growth on a lower path of development. Employment has  always been affected by business cycles and the economic literature has long explored the macroeconomic and  demand determinants of this relationship. The originality of article perspective is that in investigations by innovation and economical management cycle, the  conclusion shows that employment outcomes are affected by the nature of technological change. Since 48% entrepreneurs are focus on retailer activity and services, and only 24% it is involved in productivity  activity, a new orientation it is necessary to encourage the economical growth of the city. This article investigates whether the ups and downs of cycles alter the possibility of exploiting technological  opportunities and affecting patterns of job creation. Technological competitiveness is expected to have a positive  effect employment but it could play a minor role in a downswing because of the lack of demand. The impact of a  technological innovation will generally depend not only on its inventors, but also on the creativity of the eventual  users of the new technology. A clear difference emerges between new products that support job creation in times of  growth, and new processes that are instrumental in job destruction in times of recession. These differences in the nature of innovation are visible in the diversity of industries, characterized either by a  dominance of product-oriented efforts at technological competitiveness. The article conclusion is to argue and sustain the relationship between specific innovative strategies and their  employment when new products may open up new markets and offer new jobs, when new processes may come to  dominate technological change, leading to restructuring and job losses. The Matrix factors for entrepreneurship leadership profile examines the personal background, stage of career, early  life experiences and growth environment, indirect benefits, opportunities in the carrier prospect and the impact of  market conditions. Specifically, the 4R are: research, relationship, reputation and recognition, each R category is  discussed in light of the contemporary economical situation on Romanian market. The benefits of the 4R are explored and present the real situation on economical and management production like a  problem or a false fake? From research work perspective various attempts were undertaken to identify factors that  support the growth of economy and comprehensive list of factors are identified and put in evidence the object of this  study.

CanGo Essay

Issue 1: No clear strategy for expansion CanGo has had its success, and now they are looking into the future. Their question is, â€Å"What’s going to help them grow?† and as Liz said, â€Å"Turn them into a mighty oak.† CanGo recognizes that branching out and delving into new territory will be profitable and its popular with investors since they’re thinking of going for an IPO. The possibilities of adding e-books, streaming audio and video is hip but they also recognize that the online gaming industry is on the cutting edge for growth. With all of the brainstorming ideas CanGo has they do recognize there’s a scarcity of resources such as capital and people. Recommendation: The management team at CanGo is full of ideas related to expanding its product line. Liz has mentioned the possibility of E-books, music and video, and Andrew suggests online gaming. Expansion is just one topic, as the company is considering offering IPO (initial public offering). The brass is contemplating major decisions without professional guidance. The employees will soon be asked to juggle more responsibilities, without the appropriate resources. CanGo should seek additional consultation specific to the objectives it wants to achieve. In addition, the company must consider the risk and where to allocate resources to be maximize profit. Furthermore, there will have to be some degree of advertising and marketing to generate interests. CanGo feels that the best way to handle new ventures is to use in-house employees. Pulling employees from jobs they are already doing will no doubt take away from quality. We recommend that Warren and Liz take into consideration the opportunity cost of expanding at this time. Will the benefits outweigh the cost of expanding. Issue 2: No capital for expansion CanGo must consider how to combine its limited resources to produce the best mix of goods and services. A cost-benefit analysis will help them measure the cost and the benefits correctly. They will need to think about two types of analysis (1) Marginal Analysis and (2) Cost-Benefit Analysis. Recommendation: Performing a marginal analysis will examine how the costs and benefits change in response to their incremental changes in actions. Any additional action that CanGo does will bring about additional cost so, type of analysis will determine if the expected benefits of their actions exceed the added cost. It was mentioned casually that the only source of capital as an IPO. This point was expounded upon by the poor sandwiches being provided. I don’t think Warren made the comment to be rude, but to illustrate the point that financial capitol is limited – especially in terms of expansion. CanGo is generating interest in its industry and community. The time is ripe to offer an initial public offering. CanGo needs professional guidance in analyzing what is value and assess the possibilities of an IPO. It may consider taking advantage of its success in Japan. CanGo’s IPO does not have to be confined to its locality; it has to start thinking international in scope. Its popularity in Japan alone may generate the capitol necessary to expand in product, personnel, and infrastructure.

A Book Review on The Catcher in the Rye Essay - 787 Words

A Book Review on The Catcher in the Rye This book is about a few days in the life of Holden Caulfield, At the beginning of the book Holden is expelled from his private school, Pency. This is just one of many schools he has been expelled from. Holden decides that, as the school term is about to break up, he would go to New York City for a few days until he is expected home. So off he sets one night wearing his hunting hat that Holden loves because it represents independence from others. He jumps on a train and goes to the big city. Holden Caulfield is the main character in this novel; he is a typical adolescent boy. Holden is much more than a troubled teen going through a phase. Holden†¦show more content†¦This is also shown when Stradlater says For chrissake, Holden. This is about a goddam baseball glove. Here, Stradlater rejects the paper Holden has wrote for him, he is also unknowingly rejecting Allie (Holdens dead brother) this hurts Holden deeply, contributing to his self-frustration. This is shown in chapter 4 when Holden says Ask her if she still keeps her kings in the back row, this quote demonstrated Holdens childlike nature, though he is 16 years old and in high school he is still captivated by his early memories. Even Ernie, the piano player, is phony because hes too skilful. Holden automatically associates skill with arrogance (from past experiences no doubt) and thus cant separate the two. Even Holdens most trusted teacher, Mr. Antolini, proves to be a phony when he attempts to fondle H olden. Thus the poor boy is left with a cluster of memories, some good but most bad. Yet because of these memories, Holden has developed the unique ability to speak frankly (though not well spoken) about the people he meets. 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Immigration Policy And The United States - 1713 Words

Madie Fletcher SPEA V-160 Susan Siena April 2nd, 2017 Immigration Policy This paper will be discussing immigration policy, what fixes the United States needs to make to the current policy and what aspects should remain the same. This paper will first discuss what our current policy is, then transition its focus to immigration quotas, border patrol and security, and lastly discussing refugees. In order to reform the immigration policy, we must have an open policy for refugees. We will allow refugees to enter while still maintaining secure background checks and screenings. Along with that we must get all illegal immigrants currently in the United States on a path to citizenship, and maintain our immigration quotas while still doing what we†¦show more content†¦This approach has great potential, but the influx of illegal immigrants will increase dramatically, and this would never pass in congress. Our government should go the route of the 1986 and 2007 approach. 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